Children's Furniture Coatings: Migratable Elements 2026 Limits

Migratable elements (migration of certain elements) are the amounts of elements that can be leached out of a coating or a material under simulated-gastric-juice conditions and then swallowed, expressed as milligrams migrated per kilogram of dry material (mg/kg); the chemical-safety verdict on a paint used on children's furniture turns on that migration figure, not on the total heavy-metal content of the paint recipe, and the two differ in where the sample is taken, how it is prepared, what unit it uses and which text it is judged against.

The acceptance scene that kept repeating itself between furniture factories and paint factories through the second half of 2026 looked like this: a children's furniture order is being stocked with a waterborne topcoat, and the supplier hands over a type-test report issued against GB 18581-2020, Limits of harmful substances in wood coatings, in which the heavy-metal items are stated as total content on the coatings side; the buyer, at the finished-product end, demands an additional migration test of the coating, citing the eight migratable-element limits of GB 18584-2024 and the requirement in GB 28007-2024 for accessible coatings on furniture for infants and children. Three documents from three years and three frames of reference, and none of their conclusions can stand in for another. Unless the technical agreement fixes all four items - standard edition, test location, test method and detection limit - the delivery date, the cost of re-testing and where liability ends up all hang in the air.

TL;DR: eight quantified criteria that can go straight into the technical agreement

• Chinese limits for the eight migratable elements in coatings: antimony 60 mg/kg, arsenic 25 mg/kg, barium 1000 mg/kg, cadmium 75 mg/kg, chromium 60 mg/kg, lead 90 mg/kg, mercury 60 mg/kg, selenium 500 mg/kg; for furniture for infants and children they cover the coatings on every accessible area, for ordinary furniture only the pigmented (opaque) coatings.
• The European EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 sets lead 23 mg/kg, cadmium 17 mg/kg and chromium(VI) 0.053 mg/kg for scrapable material (coating, ink, clear coat), and its lead figure is about one quarter of the Chinese coating figure.
• Section 4.3.5 of ASTM F963 gives the same eight migration limits as the Chinese coating frame - 60, 25, 1000, 75, 60, 90, 60, 500 mg/kg - and CPSIA adds total lead on top of them: 90 ppm in surface coatings and 100 ppm in accessible substrates.
• The extraction conditions are the common backbone of all three systems: 0.07 mol/L hydrochloric acid, (37±2) °C, one hour of shaking and then one hour of standing, with the pH of the mixture held at 1.0-1.5 (where the instrument precision is ±0.2 pH, work to 1.2-1.3).
• The detection limit of the method may not exceed one tenth of the corresponding limit: for lead judged at 90 mg/kg the detection limit must be no greater than 9 mg/kg, and a bare "not detected" without the method and the detection limit is not evidence of conformity.
• Content figures and migration figures cannot be inferred from one another: GB 30981.2-2025 controls ordinary industrial coatings through total lead at 1000 mg/kg, while GB 28007 and GB 18584 judge the coating on migration lead at 90 mg/kg, so passing the first says nothing about the second.
• Three mandatory standards come into force one after another inside the eleven months of 2026: GB 28007-2024 on 2026-01-01, GB 30981.1 and GB 30981.2-2025 on 2026-06-01, and GB 6675.1~4-2025 on 2026-11-01; the migration list grows from 8 elements to 9, with boron added.
• A report that can actually be delivered states three things at once - test location, test method (including sample preparation and particle size) and detection limit; a document that only reads "passes", or that only attaches XRF screening data, cannot be used to release goods.

1. Three revisions at once: the 2026 compliance timeline for children's furniture coatings

The limit applying to a children's furniture coating has never been a single number but a combination produced by the product standard, the coatings standard and the test-method standard. In 2025 and 2026 all three layers were revised at the same time, so one and the same batch of paint faced different judgement texts at the start of the year and at the end of it. The table below lists the six standards directly involved in coating children's furniture together with their implementation dates.

GB 28007-2024: the applicable age range widened from 3-14 to 0-14 years

This mandatory national standard was approved and issued on 2024-06-25 and comes into force on 2026-01-01; it replaces GB 22793.1-2008 and GB 28007-2011 and partially replaces GB 24430.1-2009. It brings furniture for infants and children into scope as one whole group and tightens the requirements on structural safety, warning labels, flame retardancy and electrical safety; on the chemical side it keeps the limit framework of migratable elements in surface coatings and stacks with the harmful-substance limits that apply to furniture as a finished product. For the coatings supplier the direct meaning is that any coating system designed for, or intended for use on, furniture used by children under 14 must be documented with migration test data on the accessible-coating basis, not merely with content data from the paint side. The earlier reading of the harmful-substance indicators for wood coatings published on this site is at Wood coating harmful substance limits: GB 18581 indicators, testing and the route to compliant waterborne systems.

GB 30981.2-2025: wood coatings folded into the industrial coatings system

GB 30981.1-2025, Limits of harmful substances in coatings Part 1: architectural coatings, and GB 30981.2-2025, Part 2: industrial coatings, were issued jointly on 2025-05-30 and come into force on 2026-06-01. The industrial-coatings part replaces five older standards in a single step - GB 18581-2020, GB 24409-2020, GB 24613-2009, GB 30981-2020 and GB 38469-2019 - so wood coatings and toy coatings now sit inside the same mandatory text; putty, hardener, thinner and colour paste are brought under control for the first time, and SVOC indicators and coating hazard marking are added. In other words, a wood paint test report issued after 2026-06-01 that still judges conformity against GB 18581-2020 has, in conformity terms, fallen behind the mandatory text in force.

GB 6675.4-2025: the migration test method and boron

GB 6675.4-2025 was issued on 2025-10-05 and comes into force on 2026-11-01. It modifies and adopts ISO 8124-3:2020 and replaces GB 6675.4-2014. It sets the limit requirements, the sampling and sample-preparation rules and the extraction procedure for nine elements - antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium and boron - refines toy materials into nine categories, and adds categories such as crystal slime and similar toys and toy make-up sets together with a differentiated boron limit for them (crystal slime and similar toys: boron not more than 300 mg/kg). For this subject the significance sits at the method layer: migration testing of children's furniture coatings has for years borrowed the sampling and extraction rules of the toy method, so from 2026-11-01 a testing commission should state plainly that the laboratory must issue results against the new edition and must show the sample-preparation conditions in the report. The overall reading of the new national standard on the coatings side is at GB 30981-2025 new limits for hazardous substances in coatings: VOC values, SVOC control and auxiliary materials brought in.

2. Limits side by side: the Chinese and European frames for the eight migratable elements in coatings

The same film of paint, sent to a domestic laboratory and sent to a laboratory working to the European toy frame, is not judged by an equivalent rule. The Chinese coating frame states all eight elements at once and does not separate chromium(III) from chromium(VI); the European frame tiers the values by material category, sets a separate chromium(VI) limit for scrapable material and requires that element to be determined by speciation analysis. The table below places the three frames side by side, element by element, so that they can be quoted directly in a technical agreement.

Three readings are worth writing into the contract. First, lead and cadmium are the two items on which the European frame is markedly stricter, so a children's furniture coating destined for the European market cannot be released on the domestic 90 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg alone. Second, the difference for chromium lies not in the size of the number but in how it is judged: the European text requires chromium(VI) to be determined separately (by speciation such as ion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), and an ordinary total-chromium ICP reading cannot establish whether 0.053 mg/kg is met. Third, the Chinese figures for antimony and barium are wider than the European scrapable-material figures, so when one and the same report is used for two markets, the formulation and the evidence should be organised to whichever side is stricter. Companion reading on the formulation and process side: Does a waterborne paint that smells less have to be safer? The VOC and heavy-metal reality indoors and in children's settings.

3. How the migration test is done: from scraping the sample to the instrument reading

Every link in the decision chain moves the last digit. From the same drum of paint, a different sampling location, a different scraping depth or a different particle size can give migration results that differ by several times, so writing the method conditions into the report is what protects the buyer and the supplier alike. The three steps below cover sampling and preparation, the extraction conditions, and the instruments and detection limits.

Sampling and preparation: the accessibility decision, splitting by colour, particle-size control

Make the accessibility decision first and let it fix the test list: coatings a child can reach go into the list, areas shielded by structure or unreachable in normal use do not take part in the judgement. Sampling follows the principle of taking, preparing and judging each material and each colour separately: a white topcoat, an open-grain stain and a shading glaze are different test items and cannot be merged into one representative value. The coating sample is scraped at room temperature with a blade through the whole scrapable layer, crushed and then passed through a test sieve with a nominal aperture of 0.5 mm; elastic coatings that cannot be crushed are transferred directly as specified. Where the coating is too thin, scraping the whole layer drags substrate into the sample, and locally thick areas push the per-mass figure up, so film-thickness control (wet film and dry film) and the preparation conditions should be recorded together. How the application environment affects the densification of the film is covered in The application window for waterborne wood coatings: temperature, humidity, dew point and moisture content.

Extraction conditions: acidity, temperature, time and liquid-to-solid ratio

The extractant is 0.07 mol/L hydrochloric acid, used to mimic the environment of the stomach after a child has swallowed something; the mixture is shaken at a constant (37±2) °C for one hour and then left to stand for one hour, after which it is filtered or centrifuged and the clear liquid is taken for measurement. Throughout the procedure the pH must be held at 1.0-1.5; samples containing alkaline extenders such as calcium carbonate easily drive pH outside that window, and hydrochloric acid of about 6 mol/L may be used to bring it back, in which case the ratio between the acid added and the total volume is recorded; where the pH meter is accurate only to ±0.2 pH units, the control target should sit at 1.2-1.3. Samples containing oil or wax are dewaxed as specified before anything else, because a wax phase that keeps hold of the pigment systematically depresses what is leached out.

Instruments, detection limits and correction: the three items a report must carry

The element concentrations in the clear liquid are quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (the recommended method being GB/T 30419), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometry, and chromium(VI) has to be reported separately through a speciation route. The detection limit of the quantification method may not be greater than one tenth of the limit for the element concerned, that is, when lead is judged at 90 mg/kg the detection limit must be no greater than 9 mg/kg; where a method falls short of that requirement, the report must state the detection limit actually achieved and measurement uncertainty has to be taken into account. For some elements the analytical correction factors given in the standard's tables are applied to the result, a mechanism that acknowledges the systematic bias of the migration test itself. A report that only says "not detected", without naming the method, the location and the detection limit, cannot be judged at acceptance and is equivalent to having no evidence at all. The article How to carry out waterborne paint acceptance: practical adhesion, water resistance, hardness and alkali resistance testing sets out the physical acceptance methods that run in parallel with the chemical items.

4. Why passing on total content can still leave migration over the limit

There is no straight line between "the lead content of the paint is low" and "migration lead from the coating passes": four variables sit in between, namely chemical form, particle size, film structure and sample preparation. Four sources of deviation recur in engineering practice. First, the chemical form of the element decides how fast it dissolves in acid, and at the same lead content different lead salts release very different proportions into 0.07 mol/L hydrochloric acid, so content data cannot be converted into migration data. Second, the preparation particle size and the specific surface area expand or compress the per-mass result, and the same coating measured in two laboratories can differ by more than the range implied by the repeatability coefficient of variation. Third, the scraping depth decides the mixing ratio of coating and substrate, so on thinly coated parts scraping the whole layer counts elements from the substrate as part of the coating sample. Fourth, the layered build of a coating system - sealer, stain, topcoat - means that a single sampling point only represents the layer that was actually reached.

Hence three hard rules on the purchasing side: XRF screening for total lead may be used only for incoming sorting and risk grading and cannot replace the migration test; a coatings-side content report cannot replace the finished-product coating migration report; and where one and the same batch supplies both the domestic market and exports to Europe, traceable reports have to be obtained under each of the two frames. The matching variables on the substrate side are covered in Coating furniture built on engineered-board substrates: density gradient, edge paint absorption and finish adhesion.

5. Where the elements come from: pigments, extenders and additives listed

The input side of migratable elements sits in pigments and additives rather than in the resin itself. Traditional lead chromate yellows and lead red systems carry lead and chromium into the coating at the same time; cadmium red and cadmium yellow systems carry cadmium and selenium; barium-containing extenders and extender pigments carry barium; some anti-mould and antibacterial functional components carry mercury; naphthenate driers and certain systems carrying arsenic and antimony impurities carry antimony and arsenic. GB 30981.2-2025 brings colour paste, putty, hardener, thinner and other auxiliary materials under mandatory control for the first time, which closes the loophole of "the base paint complies, the colour paste does not" at the level of the text itself. The basic direction of substitution is to replace lead-chromate and cadmium pigments with iron oxide systems, titanium chromium black systems and complex inorganic encapsulated colourants, while asking the supplier for test reports broken down element by element instead of a blanket "lead-free" statement.

6. Film integrity and re-testing after abrasion: when a re-test is mandatory

Three exposure routes and the criterion that applies to each

Swallowing is not the only exposure route for children's furniture. The first is powdering from wear: everyday wiping, blocks knocked against the edges and sanding repairs chalk the surface of the film, and the particles reach the mouth through the hands; here the film has already been damaged mechanically, so the scrapable-coating basis of the migration test still covers it. The second is biting off and flaking: coating on corners, handles and bed rails detaches in whole pieces and is swallowed, and that has to be assessed on a basis combining substrate and coating, because testing the intact coating alone under-states the exposure. The third is prolonged contact with skin and perspiration: the migration test mimics gastric juice only, not sweat and not skin penetration, so items such as pH and colour fastness must be run in parallel on textile and leather surfaces. The film degradation mechanisms on the stain and chemical resistance side are set out in Stain and chemical resistance of furniture coatings: test methods and the logic of the formulation.

Re-test triggers and retain-sample rules

The workable trigger list has six items: changing the pigment or colour paste supplier, changing the resin or additive batch, changing the coating build (a new sealer, mid and topcoat combination), after an abrasion or ageing test, a non-conforming item found in a market surveillance spot check, and a revision of the standard - for example boron being added to the migration list from 2026-11-01. The retain-sample rules correspond to them one by one: retain samples from the same batch as the shipment, archive them by the year of the standard applied, and keep the sample paint and the matching finished product under one and the same batch number, so that a report traces back to an actual batch rather than to some type-test sample. How blocker sealers affect the integrity of the film is covered in Blocker sealers against wood resin staining and tannin bleed.

7. Beyond heavy metals: VOC, SVOC, phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Chemical safety for children's furniture is never a single-item decision. GB 18584-2024 moved the gaseous release of finished furniture from the desiccator basis to the 1 m³ chamber method, with the formaldehyde limit managed in the same table as the benzene series and total volatile organic compounds; GB 30981.2-2025 adds SVOC indicators on the coatings side and brings auxiliary materials into scope; GB 28007-2024 stacks phthalates in plastic parts and the pH of textile surfaces on the children's furniture side. The three layers use different units (mg/m³, mg/kg and g/L) and cannot be compared across tables, so the table below gives the usual frame and the acceptance points item by item.

8. Key figures at a glance, every line with its unit, ready to copy into the technical agreement

• Chinese coating limits for the eight elements: antimony 60 mg/kg, arsenic 25 mg/kg, barium 1000 mg/kg, cadmium 75 mg/kg, chromium 60 mg/kg, lead 90 mg/kg, mercury 60 mg/kg, selenium 500 mg/kg.
• European scrapable-material (coating) frame: lead 23 mg/kg, cadmium 17 mg/kg, chromium(III) 460 mg/kg, chromium(VI) 0.053 mg/kg, arsenic 47 mg/kg, antimony 560 mg/kg, barium 18750 mg/kg, mercury 94 mg/kg, selenium 460 mg/kg.
• United States frame: the eight migration limits in Section 4.3.5 of ASTM F963 are 60, 25, 1000, 75, 60, 90, 60, 500 mg/kg, and CPSIA total lead is 90 ppm in surface coatings and 100 ppm in accessible substrates.
• Extraction conditions: 0.07 mol/L hydrochloric acid, pH 1.0-1.5 (1.2-1.3 recommended), shaking at (37±2) °C for one hour, standing for one hour, test sieve aperture 0.5 mm.
• Detection limit requirement: no greater than one tenth of the corresponding limit, that is, lead 9 mg/kg or less, cadmium 7.5 mg/kg or less, arsenic 2.5 mg/kg or less, antimony 6 mg/kg or less.
• Gaseous release from finished furniture (1 m³ chamber method): formaldehyde 0.08 mg/m³ or less, benzene 0.06 mg/m³ or less, toluene 0.15 mg/m³ or less, xylene 0.20 mg/m³ or less, total volatile organic compounds 0.50 mg/m³ or less.
• Formaldehyde in board and board products: substrate 0.124 mg/m³ or less, products 0.050 mg/m³ or less, with the grading reference E1 0.124, E0 0.050 and ENF 0.025 mg/m³.
• Implementation dates: GB 18584-2024 on 2025-07-01, GB 28008-2024 on 2025-07-01, GB 28007-2024 on 2026-01-01, GB 30981.1/.2-2025 on 2026-06-01 and GB 6675.1~4-2025 on 2026-11-01.

9. The supplier evidence list and batch consistency

Turning compliance into a document pack that someone can verify is more useful than writing eco-friendly into a brochure. The six items below form the basic evidence pack for a children's furniture coating, and if one of them is missing it should be marked as outstanding at contract level.

• A list of the standards applied with their year numbers: the governing text and the judgement table stated separately for the base paint and for the auxiliary materials.
• Migration test report: naming the test location, the splitting by colour, the preparation particle size, the extraction conditions, the analytical method and the detection limit actually achieved.
• Element-by-element data: measured values for lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, antimony, arsenic, barium and selenium given per pigment and per colour paste instead of a summary line of not detected results.
• Equivalent reports and safety data sheets for auxiliaries and colour pastes: from 2026-06-01 the auxiliary materials are bound by the same mandatory limits.
• Batch traceability sheet: the correspondence between the sample paint batch number and the shipped batch number, the frequency of type testing and the date of the last test.
• Statement of the impact of the revisions: the additional tests and formulation changes already made for the three dates 2026-01-01, 2026-06-01 and 2026-11-01.

The other line that runs alongside physical acceptance is film performance: the measurement methods for adhesion, water resistance, hardness and alkali resistance are given in How to carry out waterborne paint acceptance: practical adhesion, water resistance, hardness and alkali resistance testing, and its conclusions can be combined with the chemical frame to form the release criteria.

10. Frequently asked questions

Q1: The test report says lead was not detected - is that enough to release a children's furniture coating?

No, it cannot serve as the release basis on its own. The judgement needs three pieces of information: the test method (migration or total content), the detection limit (which must be no greater than one tenth of the limit, that is, 9 mg/kg or less for lead) and the test location (coating, stain or substrate). Only when all three are present and the measured value sits below the applicable limit is the evidence complete; with the four words "not detected" and nothing else, you cannot tell whether the method was sensitive enough or the wrong place was sampled, so the file should be sent back for correction at acceptance.

Q2: Can a GB 18581-2020 wood coating report issued in 2025 still be used?

It may stay in the archive as a historical quality record, but it is no longer suitable as evidence of current conformity. GB 30981.2-2025 comes into force on 2026-06-01 and replaces GB 18581-2020, extends control to auxiliary materials such as colour paste, putty, hardener and thinner, and adds SVOC and coating hazard marking. Children's furniture orders delivered after 2026-06-01 have to be re-tested against the new text, and the conclusions of the old report do not transfer automatically.

Q3: Is a waterborne paint naturally safer than a solvent-borne one?

It is not. Going waterborne changes the release of volatile organic compounds and has no direct correspondence with migratable elements: the lead, cadmium, chromium and barium carried by pigments and extenders enter the solid portion of the coating, and a waterborne system can carry them just as well. The judgement has to return to the coating migration test and the element-by-element data. This site carries a dedicated analysis at Does a waterborne paint that smells less have to be safer? The VOC and heavy-metal reality indoors and in children's settings.

Q4: The coatings-side content passes but the finished-product migration fails - which one governs?

The finished-product migration result governs. The two measure different objects: the first is the total amount of an element in the coating system (ordinary industrial coatings being graded on total lead at 1000 mg/kg), the second is what the coating releases into simulated gastric juice (children's furniture coatings being judged on lead at 90 mg/kg). Chemical form, particle size and film structure are what prevent the first from being used to derive the second, so the finished-product result carries decision priority, while coatings-side data are used for formulation risk grading and incoming material screening.

Q5: For exports to Europe, do we have to run EN 71-3 separately?

You do. EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 tiers its limits by material category; for scrapable material the lead limit is 23 mg/kg and cadmium 17 mg/kg, and chromium(VI) at 0.053 mg/kg has to be determined separately by speciation analysis. All of these are stricter than, or simply different from, the domestic coating frame. One domestic report cannot support a European declaration of conformity: the samples have to be submitted separately and the material category decision kept in the technical file. Where the children's furniture is also a toy or carries toy-like properties, the applicability of the toy frame has to be assessed as well.

Q6: Must the white, red and green of the same paint be tested separately?

They must be sampled separately and judged separately. The splitting rule is "each material and each colour sampled on its own", because the pigment system switches with the colour: red systems are commonly associated with cadmium or ferrite chemistry, yellow systems were historically tied to lead chromate, and green systems are mostly organic or complex inorganic colourants. Merging them into one representative value hides the high-risk shade, and when a market spot check fails a single colour, the scope of the impact cannot be bounded.

Q7: The customer only asks for a heavy-metal-free declaration - can that replace a test report?

It cannot replace one. A declaration is a self-commitment without method or detection limit behind it, and under GB 30981.2-2025 a children's furniture coating additionally needs coating hazard marking plus the supporting toxicological information behind what is labelled. The practical arrangement is to pair the two: the declaration states the elements in scope and the limit basis, the report states the measured data and the method conditions, and both are anchored to the same batch number so that the declaration cannot drift away from the goods.

Q8: After 2026-11-01, can old stock still be shipped against the old reports?

The transition arrangements of the standard and the terms of the contract have to be kept apart. For the toy series, the published implementation notes give a transition frame in which newly produced goods from 2026-11-01 must meet the new edition while existing stock may be sold until 2027-10-31, and changes to certification certificates have dates of their own; the coatings and furniture mandatory standards offer no comparably lenient window, because after the effective date products that do not meet the mandatory requirements may not be produced, sold or imported. Before shipping, confirm item by item the transition clause of each standard involved and the acceptance edition the customer requires.

11. References and notes on the frames used

• GB 18584-2024, Limits of harmful substances in furniture: approved and issued 2024-06-28, in force 2025-07-01, replacing GB 18584-2001 and GB 28481-2012.
• GB 28007-2024, Technical safety specification for furniture for infants and children: issued 2024-06-25, in force 2026-01-01, replacing GB 22793.1-2008 and GB 28007-2011 and partially replacing GB 24430.1-2009.
• GB 28008-2024, Technical safety specification for furniture structure: in force 2025-07-01, its scope excluding furniture for infants and children (from the standard implementation notice of the market regulation authority).
• GB 30981.1-2025 and GB 30981.2-2025, the two parts of Limits of harmful substances in coatings: issued 2025-05-30, in force 2026-06-01; the industrial coatings part replaces GB 18581-2020, GB 24409-2020, GB 24613-2009, GB 30981-2020 and GB 38469-2019.
• GB 6675.4-2025, Safety of toys Part 4: Migration of certain elements: issued 2025-10-05, in force 2026-11-01, modifying and adopting ISO 8124-3:2020.
• GB 18580-2025, Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials - Limit of formaldehyde emission of wood-based panels and finishing products: issued 2025-05-30, in force 2026-06-01; GB/T 39600-2021 gives the E1, E0 and ENF grading reference values.
• EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021, Safety of toys - Migration of certain elements (harmonised standard under the European Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC); the Category III chromium(VI) limit of 0.053 mg/kg has applied since 2019-11-18.
• ASTM F963 Section 4.3.5 together with 16 CFR 1250, 16 CFR 1303 and Section 101 of CPSIA on the restrictions covering total lead and phthalates.
• GB/T 30419, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method for determining the migratable elements antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium in toy materials, and GB/T 22048 for phthalate determination.
• Standard readings published by local market regulation authorities and third-party testing laboratories (including the illustrated guide to GB 6675.4-2025 issued by the Zhejiang Provincial Administration for Market Regulation and the technical notes on the new national standards issued by coatings and furniture testing bodies).

Note on the frames used: the limits quoted in this article come from two kinds of source. One kind is the public information in the announcements and texts of the mandatory national standards themselves - standard numbers, issue and implementation dates, replacement relationships and the scope of the controlled items - and it can be used directly when choosing a standard; the other kind is specific figures, for example formaldehyde 0.08 mg/m³ for finished furniture, the two waterborne wood coating SVOC tiers of 100 g/L and 150 g/L, the coating hazard marking requirements and the per-category element limits of EN 71-3, which rest on public readings issued by testing bodies and local regulators, and those sources differ in wording and in how they tier the values (one reading puts the VOC of waterborne wood coatings at 200 g/L, another puts it at 250 g/L for the pigmented (opaque) coating and 300 g/L for the clear coat). Formal judgements, contract clauses and acceptance sheets should follow the standard text in force, test reports whose accredited scope is attached, and the position confirmed in writing by the testing body. This article makes no statement about any specific product, batch or laboratory result, and it does not address the issuing or the validity of certification certificates.

Last updated: 2026-11-07
Kexin New Materials (Guangdong) Co., Ltd.
This is B2B technical material for furniture factories, coating workshops and purchasing engineering departments to use when choosing standards and setting acceptance; trade terms are agreed on the EXW or FOB basis only, and the quality figures, test methods and application boundaries of a specific batch follow the contract annex, the technical data sheet and the acceptance plan confirmed by both parties.